卸载旧版本：
#卸载软件
sudo apt purge nginx
#自动清理一些程序
sudo apt autoremove nginx
#删除不需要的配置文件
sudo apt autoclean
dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk ‘{print $2}’ |sudo xargs dpkg -P nginx
#更新本地缓存文件及系统
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt dist-upgrade
需要添加Nginx官方源才能下载Nginx的最新稳定版本
添加nginx_signing.key：
获取nginx_signing.key文件，
sudo wget http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
或
sudo wget https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/nginx/keys/nginx_signing.key
添加，
sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
删除nginx_signing.key，
rm -f nginx_signing.key
在 /etc/apt/sources.list.d 文件夹中新建nginx.list文件写入下面对应的两行：
jammy 为操作系统版本代号，要根据系统来选择 ， 详见
查看操作系统版本命令：
lsb_release -c
官方源：
Ubuntu:
deb https://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ jammy nginx
deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ jammy nginx
debian:
deb https://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx
deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx
国内源：
Ubuntu22.04:
deb https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/nginx/ubuntu/ jammy nginx
deb-src https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/nginx/ubuntu/ nginx
debian11:
deb https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/nginx/debian/ bullseye nginx
deb-src https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/nginx/debian/ bullseye nginx
或debian12:
deb https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/nginx/debian/ bookworm nginx
deb-src https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/nginx/debian/ bookworm nginx
最后输入以下命令进行安装：
sudo apt update
如有以下报错，
W: https://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
执行以下命令后再次更新源：
sudo cp /etc/apt/trusted.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d
开始安装 nginx
sudo apt install nginx
输入nginx -v查看安装版本:
新版nginx的/etc/nginx/下的目录结构：
/etc/nginx
├── conf.d
│ ├── default.conf
├── fastcgi_params
├── mime.types
├── modules -> /usr/lib/nginx/modules
├── nginx.conf
├── scgi_params
└── uwsgi_params
主要配置文件存放于/etc/nginx/conf.d 目录
重新加载配置并重启
nginx -t #测试配置语法
nginx -s reload #重新加载配置
sudo systemctl restart nginx #重启Nginx
nginx.pid” failed 修复：
/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
安装PHP支持，Nginx不具有处理PHP文件的内置支持。将使用PHP-FPM（“ fastCGI进程管理器”）来处理PHP文件。
sudo apt install php-fpm
安装完成后，FPM服务将自动启动。要检查服务状态，请运行
systemctl start php7.4-fpm
systemctl status php7.4-fpm
systemctl start php8.1-fpm
systemctl status php8.1-fpm
或使用/etc/init.d 启动：
{start|stop|status|restart|reload|force-reload}
/etc/init.d/php8.1-fpm start
/etc/init.d/php8.1-fpm restart
默认静态配置
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html/;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/www/html/;
}
}
默认PHP配置
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
# 启用HTTPS
# listen 2443 ssl;
# ssl_protocols TLSv1.3;
# ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/zs/fullchain.crt;
# ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/zs/private.pem;
location / {
root /var/www/html/;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /var/www/html;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/www/html/;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
}
TCP/UDP端口转发：
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf文件末尾添加配置代码：
stream {
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.stream;
}
conf.d目录下，添加*.stream后缀的配置文件，server
#TCP示例：server {
listen 90;
listen [::]:90;
proxy_connect_timeout 5s;
proxy_timeout 20s;
proxy_pass localhost:89;
}
#UDP示例：server {
listen 90 udp reuseport;
listen [::]:90 udp reuseport;
proxy_timeout 20s;
proxy_pass localhost:89;
}
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